Human cervicovaginal mucus contains an activity that hinders HIV-1 movement
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Secreted human conjunctival mucus contains MUC5AC glycoforms.
This study addresses the extent of variation in secreted end-product mucins in human conjunctival mucus. The aim was to determine whether the variety of mucin species found was encompassed by the mucin genes which have been cloned to date. Extraction into guanidine hydrochloride and separation of mucin constituents, by a combination of cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation, size separ...
متن کاملHuman vaginal fluid contains exosomes that have an inhibitory effect on an early step of the HIV-1 life cycle.
OBJECTIVE Vaginal transmission is crucial to the spread of HIV-1 around the world. It is not yet clear what type (s) of innate defenses against HIV-1 infection are present in the vagina. Here, we aimed to determine whether human vaginal fluid contains exosomes that may possess anti-HIV-1 activity. METHODS The exosomal fraction was isolated from samples of vaginal fluids. The presence of exoso...
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Mucosal drug delivery nanotechnologies are limited by the mucus barrier that protects nearly all epithelial surfaces not covered with skin. Most polymeric nanoparticles, including polystyrene nanoparticles (PS), strongly adhere to mucus, thereby limiting penetration and facilitating rapid clearance from the body. Here, we demonstrate that PS rapidly penetrate human cervicovaginal mucus (CVM), i...
متن کاملHIV binding, penetration, and primary infection in human cervicovaginal tissue.
We have developed human cervicovaginal organ culture systems to examine the initiating events in HIV transmission after exposure to various sources of HIV infectivity, including semen. Newly infected cells were detected in the cervical submucosa 3-4 days after exposure to a primary HIV isolate. At earlier times, extensive and stable binding occurred when cervical surfaces were exposed to virion...
متن کاملThe movement of human spermatozoa in cervical mucus.
Movement characteristics of freely swimming spermatozoa were studied with high-speed cinemicrography. At 21 degrees C, flagellar beat frequency was higher in midcycle human cervical mucus than in native semen or Tyrode's solution; the beat shape differed, possessing diminished amplitude and wavelength. Although the spermatozoa swam straighter in the mucus, the progressive swimming speeds did no...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Mucosal Immunology
سال: 2012
ISSN: 1933-0219,1935-3456
DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.87